Structural digital twin framework: Formulation and technology integration

This work presents a digital twin framework for structural engineering. The is conceptualised and mathematically idealised within the context of integrity, includes main attributes to behave as functional twin, namely simulation, learning, management. manuscript makes special emphasis on autonomous interactions between physical counterparts along with workflow modelling which are both missing aspects in majority use cases found literature, specially civil engineering domain. proposed demonstrated proof concept using laboratory scale test structure monitored internet-of-things-based sensors actuators. results reveal that virtual counterpart can respond real-time self-adaptability liaison performance counterpart. Moreover, tests show able provide automated decision making integrity.